Short Circuit and Arc Flash Study on a Microgrid Facility
Konrad Erich Kork Schmitt *
Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway, 79409, Lubbock, TX, USA.
Cesar A. Negri
Wind and Science Engineering Department Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway, 79409 Lubbock, TX, USA.
Saeed Daneshvardehnavi
Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway, 79409, Lubbock, TX, USA.
Stephen Bayne
Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway, 79409, Lubbock, TX, USA.
Michael Giesselmann
Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway, 79409, Lubbock, TX, USA.
Sandeep Nimmagadda
Global Laboratory for Energy Asset Management and Manufacturing Texas Tech University 2500 Broadway, 79409 Lubbock, TX, USA.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Arc flash is one of the main hazards when operating an electrical facility. Without correct Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), the operator can be subjected to severe including fatal injuries. By code, facilities are required to properly label their electrical equipment that may be accessed by any operator. While energized, the operator’s proximity to the equipment can provide the necessary potential for an arc flash accident. The labels are mainly responsible to display the equipment’s short circuit and arc flash levels, as well as the minimum PPE level required to operate it. These electrical hazard aspects become more critical in testbed facilities, usually located inside research centers and universities, where the electrical equipment is more frequently accessed by students and researchers. This paper develops complete modeling of a real microgrid testbed facility to perform short circuit and arc flash studies with the main goal to label the devices accessed by the facility’s researchers.
Keywords: Leaf extracts, Arc flash, effect, Effect of Parthenium, electrical facility, Stomatal features, electrical hazards, microgrid, short circuit.
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References
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DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2017.2701298OS, Administration H. Fatality inspection data: Work-related fatalities for cases inspected by Federal or State OSHA.
Available:https://www.osha.gov/fatalities
(Accessed Jul. 30, 2020)
Dalziel CF. Dangerous electric currents. Trans. Am. Inst. Electr. Eng. 1946;65(8): 579–585.
DOI: 10.1109/T- AIEE.1946.5059386.
Bernstein T. Electrocutions and fires involving 120/240 V appliances. IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. 2003;39(4):1200–1204.
Doan DR, Sweigart RA. A summary of arc-flash energy calculations. IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. 2003;39(4):1200–1204.
DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2003.813724
IEEE1584. IEEE Guide for Performing Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations. IEEE Std 1584-2002. 2018;i–113.
N. F. P. Association. The standard for Electrical Safety Requirements for Employee Workplaces, NFPA 70E; 2015.
Stacho B, Veleba J, Dudek J. Arc flash risk assessment- Overview of scope and different approaches in the US and in the EU. Proc. 2019 20th Int. Sci. Conf. Electr. Power Eng. EPE 2019;1–6.
DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2019.8778008
Ghaedi A, Dehnavi SD, Fotoohabadi H. Probabilistic scheduling of smart electric grids considering plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. J. Intell. Fuzzy Syst. 2016;31(3):1329–1340.
DOI: 10.3233/IFS-162199
Mortazavi SMB, Shiri N, Javadi MS, Dehnavi SD. Optimal Planning and Management of Hybrid Vehicles in Smart Grid. Ciência e Nat. 2015;37:253.
DOI: 10.5902/2179460x20781
Dinkhah S, Negri CA, He M, Bayne SB. V2G for reliable microgrid operations: Voltage/frequency regulation with virtual inertia emulation. ITEC 2019 - 2019 IEEE Transp. Electrif. Conf. Expo.; 2019.
DOI: 10.1109/ITEC.2019.8790615
Mueller JA, Rasheduzzaman M, Kimball JW. A model modification process for grid-connected inverters used in islanded microgrids. IEEE Trans. Energy Convers. 2016;31(1):240–250.
DOI: 10.1109/TEC.2015.2476600
Nikolovski S, Mlakic D, Baghaee HR. Arc flash incident energy simulation in PV power plant connected to distribution network. Proc. Int. Conf. Smart Syst. Technol. 2018, SST. 2018;171–178.
DOI: 10.1109/SST.2018.8564710
Canha LN, Pereira PR, Milbradt R, da R. Abaide A, Schmitt KEK, de A. Antunes M. Intelligent voltage regulator to distributed voltage control in smart grids. 52nd Inter-national Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC), Heraklion. 2017;1–6.
Schmitt KEK, Canha LN, Pereira PR, de A. Antunes M. A smart local voltage regulator methodology for dynamic integration between volt-var control and distributed energy resources. IEEE PES Transmission & Distribution Conference and Exhibition Latin America (T&D LA), Lima. 2018;1– 5.
Dehnavi SD, Negri C, Bayne S, Giesselmann M. Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) with a novel robust control strategy. ISA Trans., no. xxxx; 2021.
DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2021.04.010
Negri CA, Dehnavi SD, Giesselmann MG. Universal model of pulsed alternators using LTspice. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 2020;48(10):3435–3442.
DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2020.3017177.
Schmitt KEK, Canha LN, Martins BS, Pereira PR, de A. Antunes M. Real-time hardware-in-the-loop testbed applied to voltage control in distribution smart grids. IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technology Latin America (ISGT LA), Gramado. 2019;1–6.
Ghaseminejad A, Uddameri V. Physics-inspired integrated space-time artificial neural networks for regional groundwater flow modeling. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 2020;24(12):5759–5779.
DOI: 10.5194/hess-24-5759-2020
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DOI: 10.5890/jvtsd.2019.09.004.
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DOI: 10.11114/aef.v7i3.4824
Dehnavi SBSD, Negri CA, Kork Schmitt KE, Giesselmann MG. A case study for connecting bidirectional PEV station for reactive power support to the GLEAMM prototype microgrid. IEEE Greentech; 2021.
Dehnavi SD, Shahparasti M, Simab M, Mortazavi SMB. Employing interface compensators to enhance the power quality in hybrid AC/DC microgrids. Ciência e Nat. 2015;37(357).
DOI: 10.5902/2179460x20796
Majd A, Luo R. An improved arc flash energy calculation method and its application. IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. 2017; 53(5):5062–5067.
DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2017.2701298