Asian Basic and Applied Research Journal

Measles remains a serious public health problem, especially in places where vaccination rates are low and public awareness is limited. This study develops a mathematical model that includes the incubation period and the impact of public awareness on disease spread, also considering environmental contamination. The analysis shows that the disease can be controlled when the reproduction number is below one i.e. . Key factors driving the outbreak include direct contact, environmental contamination, vaccination coverage, and awareness levels. Simulations reveal that higher vaccination rates and greater public awareness reduce the number of infections and the amount of virus in the environment, leading to shorter outbreaks. The model also highlights the importance of cleaning the environment and vaccinating target groups quickly to prevent indirect transmission. Faster progression from exposure to infectiousness makes outbreaks worse, which means early detection and response are crucial. Overall, these findings suggest that combining vaccination, education, and environmental hygiene is essential for controlling measles. This model can help guide public health strategies, especially in areas where measles is still common.