Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal in Soil and Manihot esculenta Plant in Wukari
Augustina Achimugu *
Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria.
John F. Wansah
Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria.
Abel Jacob
Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria.
Godwin Osama Idemudia
Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria.
Jeremiah Jay John
Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
The assessment of heavy metals in some selected soils and Manihot esculenta was carried out in Wukari local government area of Taraba state. The main aim of this work was to assess the heavy metals in soils and some selected Manihot esculenta from Wukari. The study also assessed the cancer risk (CR) and hazard quotient (HQ) associated with consuming these analyzed crops. The samples were collected from six different randomly selected site in Wukari Mechanic village, A; Sukundi road, B; Jalingo road, C; Ibi road, D; Kente Road, E; and Rafin kada road, F. The samples were washed, peeled, dried, pulverized and analyzed for heavy metal content using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results revealed that Pb (71 -200.8 mg/kg), Cd (1.8 - 3.1 mg/kg), Zn (50 - 163.30 mg/kg) and Ni (30-56.7 mg/kg) were above permissible limit of (85, 0.8, 50 and 35 mg/kg for Pb, Cd, Zn and Ni respectively by WHO) while Cr (0.2-0.3 mg/kg) and Cu (3.3-20.0 mg/kg) were below the permissible limit of 100 mg/kg and 36.0 mg/kg for Cr and Cu respectively by WHO in the soil samples. Similarly, the heavy metals in the tuber crops also have Pb (7.5 – 13 mg/kg), Cd (0.2 - 1.1 mg/kg), Zn (20 – 30 mg/kg and Ni (10 – 50 mg/kg) above the WHO permissible limit of 2.0, 0.02, 0.6 and 10 mg/kg respectively. Cr (0.1-0.3) was below the permissible limit of 1.30 mg/kg while Cu was not detected for all the Manihot esculenta samples. The risk assessment analysis showed that the highest and lowest hazard quotient values of Pb and Cr are 26.07 and 0.17, respectively. Also, the highest and lowest cancer risk was recorded in Cd (8.6×10-2) and Cr (2.6 ×10-4), respectively. The results of this study are expected to gain public awareness that consuming locally produced tuber crops from sites contaminated with heavy metals is at risk of heavy metal toxicity, such as liver damage, neural, and respiratory disorders, among others.
Keywords: Globin gene complex / Cotwin control study, Heavy metals, Bhopal gas tragedy, Manihot esculenta, Somatic mutation, soil, Haemoglobin gene Complex., atomic absorption spectrophotometer
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References
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